Growth Online > Knowledge Base > Society's Growth  >  Towards a New Economics Towards a New Economics by Roy Posner and MSS Intro Commerce, Consumerism, Credit Guaranteed Employment Employment/Job Creation Strategies Insurance Taxes, Taxation Inflation Miscellaneous       Introduction (main) Man, Not Money Should be at Center of Economics Schumacher, a British economist, published a book in the 1970’s pronouncing the idea of ’Economics as if people mattered.’ Economics, considered on its own as economics for economics’ sake, will lead one astray, away from the truth. The centre of economics [now] is Money for the monetarists. It is Man [however] who created money. Money is there to serve man. Man should be the centre of economics, not money. It is by a psychological superstition that Man becomes a slave of science. (MSS, somewhat modified)   Man at the Center of Life The world economic system is undergoing a severe shock. It was caused to a large degree by Man’s ignorance and greed. Though its vast expansion and success has been rooted in the infinity that comes from individual freedom, it was tripped up by missing human values that could make the system Whole. Because the Human Being has not been at the center of our economic system, only the Part could express, which invariably breeds failure. Freedom and collaboration are human values. They represent Beingness and Oneness of the Spirit functioning in creation. One without the other cannot succeed. Freedom is fulfilled through collaboration, and vice versa. Without their integral union, there is only a Part and therefore failure. Thus, Communism came to an inglorious end, and Capitalism is going through its current upheavals. Nature in Her evolutionary wisdom seeks to move from the Part and create the new, the dynamic, and the Whole. Human values are not however limited to freedom and collaboration. They are endless. There is also truth, knowledge, tolerance, compassion, love, beauty, delight, and a hundred others. Our economic system has been primarily focused on material values alone -- not the psychological, including the fulfillment of the individual. When we shift our consciousness and put the Human Being at the center of life, then upheaval and convulsion will be reduced, and life will progress smoothly, harmoniously, and infinitely. Towards Human Development Development of resources, economics development, technological development are all the achievements of man. Hence human development is the only development that matters hereafter, especially when each type of development conflicts with the other. Man being the centre of human development cannot generate any such conflict. Man cannot function in such a fashion as to conflict with himself. (MSS) Human Development vs. Economic Growth Recent thought places emphasis on human development as something distinct and different from economic growth. In establishing priorities and strategies, this distinction can be useful. There is abundant evidence to show that high rates of economic growth do not necessarily lead to rapid improvements in living standards for poorer sections of the population and that greater improvement in these living standards can be achieved by strategies that do not focus exclusively on growth. This distinction focuses on development priorities and the strategies, not on the essential nature of the development process itself. (MSS)   Integral Economic Theory Economic development theories based on a single factor such as money or technology or institutions or information, etc. are limiting. The whole truth lies at a level that integrates all these partial factors within a wider framework. Beyond the Conventional Economic Wisdom Conventional economic theses are no match for the emerging social forces that if identified and organized render the conventional anachronistic, and turn the finite into infinite abundance. Theory that Reveals Impact on Economics Development theory needs to explain the dynamics of the process by which political and social conditions impact economic performance. (MSS)   Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Development -A profusion of economic theories provide explanations for specific expressions of development, but none links all the pieces into a unified theory that adequately defines the central principles, process and stages of development. The formulation of a comprehensive theory of development would make conscious the world’s experience over the past 500 years, reveal enormous untapped potentials and vastly accelerate future progress.   -Valid development theory cannot limit its purview to national level policies and economic environment. It is becoming more and more necessary to consider development as a movement of global society, in which individual nations may move in different directions and advance at different rates, but remain aspects of a common movement. (MSS)   Economics and the Development of Society Economics, not politics has been the base of the development of our society, since it is of a material base, whereas politics is vital. (MSS)   From Political to Economic to Cultural Development Sweep has been there. So far it was political. Now it will be economic. We await the sweep of cultural values in the beginning of the next century.   Beyond Economics in 21st Century In the 21st century spiritual individuality, rather than economics will be at the forefront. [Spirituality is a movement beyond the physical nature of economics, the higher vital nature of politics and social intercourse; even beyond the great mental ideals and plans of leaders and movements. Each succeeding level has a greater power. (MSS) Global Economic Growth The global economy is developing multiple centers and engines of growth. The impact of these factors is compounded by the globalization of economic growth. In the past, the growth of the world economy has been driven by a single country or at best by a few localized centers, while the vast majority of nations benefited only peripherally or not at all. The emergence of multiple growth centers acts as a self-generating engine that increases the overall momentum of the world economy. Valid development theory cannot limit its purview to national level policies and economic environment. It is becoming more and more necessary to consider development as a movement of global society, in which individual nations may move in different directions and advance at different rates, but remain aspects of a common movement. (MSS) Economics as a Science In the 19th century subjects like economicsshed their label of being arts and joined the scientific fraternity. (MSS) Economics is Vital Military power is physical; economic power which is vital. (MSS) US as Military, then Political, then Economic and now Cultural Leader of the World The world leadership was almost thrust on USA after the second world war. Initially it was a military leadership. Then it became political leadership. Then it became a consequence of economic pre-eminence. Today USA is the cultural leader of the world. (MSS) New Beyond the Old American Dream The American Dream emphasizes economic growth, personal wealth, and independence. Hereafter these are otiose. (MSS) Freedom (and Market Economy) vs. Liberty Freedom to produce and sell -- market economy -- is economic democracy as franchise voting is political democracy. Freedom is what society gives, liberty is that which the citizen enjoys. Liberty makes Freedom meaningful. (MSS) India's Values Beyond the Economic as in USA The knowledge of essence enables one to know the theory of creation. USA has become the cultural leader of the world by virtue of its economic status. For anything to be valued in India, the population here needs the sanction of US life-style. The Indian scientist need not look to an economic giant for scientific inspiration as the Indian masses do. (USA) Foundation of Wealth & Physical Security in West and US It is noteworthy to see that the necessary foundation in wealth and physical security is abundantly laid in USA. Seen from this perspective, the history of the West, particularly that of USA, will explain itself in the light of the theory of social evolution. (MSS) Unconscious Success of West The West, which has developed its economy through a great efficiency, is not aware of the theory behind it that achieved it. (Paraphrase of MSS) Overcome Economic Assumption The potential for growth and development is not in percentage points per year (e.g. 3% or 8%), but in doubling and tripling per year. Our obsession with inflation, along with our perception that we need to have a minimal level of unemployment, or that we can only grow at low single digits per year, ties us down to our nation's limited self-conception. Economic Gains Extended to All Monarchy considered the common man's aspiration to the throne as treason while democracy accorded him not only the right to choose his 'king' but also the right to become one. The economic status which remained the exclusive possession of the upper middle class was not even considered by the lower middle class as a possibility. Not to wish for it was a virtue, to be unambitious. Now the advanced technology and commercial organisation are changing the scene. Everyone aspires for everything. The social 'values' reflect this underlying reality. The non-performing slow worker 'demands' the same pay as the high-performing skilled person who earns it as an incentive. Behind this irrational demand lies the rationality of "what the society produces belongs to the society."   Suppose the economic gains of the society are to be extended to all, the society in greater part has to develop several institutions and the individual has to acquire a host of capacities simultaneously overlooking the original rule of individual to society and again to all individuals. This is a must. Solving this challenge even in theory is a major step forward. (MSS) The Invisible Movement of Rights in History, & the Emergence of Spiritual MAN in the 21st Century There is an invisible movement in the air all over the world which espouses the Rights of the oppressed. Now it is the Blacks who are in favour, next it is the women. The street children get their turn. The poor suddenly come into the favour of the world and the whole world sings the chorus of the Right to Food, Right to water, Right to Peace, etc. All types of Rights have emerged as the target for the awakened world. It is a balm to the hearts of idealists and visionaries the world over as the have-nots, downtrodden, the oppressed and the invalids have now their share of the limelight. The UN is the spearhead for most of these movements. The world is awakened enough in her conscience that the world opinion readily swings to this call. This development is imperceptible but unmistakable. I see behind all these urges that MAN is emerging as someone to be counted hereafter. The Spirit in MAN seeks expression, peeps out from its hiding place. The symptoms are well-defined. He who seeks expression is no longer the social man, but the Spiritual Individual. The 21st century will be his century. (MSS) On "Doubling" Silicon Valley's famed Moore's Law suggests that emerging technologies will double in their power every 18 months. Can't we apply this law to other parts of society? Couldn't we double our productivity rate in that period, or as improbable as it seems, double Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in that period? A practical concept of infinity says that we can bring in the higher consciousness and spirit to enable infinite results where we now see finite possibilities. If that is the case, then who is to say what we are limited by.   What other areas can we apply Moore's technological law to? How about doubling our consciousness! In one sense, this is much easier to do, once we know the method. It's just a question of True Education, which we can learn on our own by knowing one's True Self, or which can be acquired in the future by the public through an education system of True Knowledge.   Limited Economic View The Monetarist that views all economicsin terms of money supply is an indication of the limited linearity of mind. (Mind tends to think in a linear, unidimensional manner and pursue one line of truth, ignoring other complementary sides, viewing all reality from a single viewpoint.) (MSS)   Exploitation of Labor & Management Employers exploited the labour as the labour now exploits the management. [MSS]   Also See Principles of Social Development     Commerce, Consumerism, Credit (main)   On Purpose, Social Value of Commerce -Commerce is the economic equivalent of democracy in politics. Commerce is the social ideal of equality. -In today’s human climate, unless some good service becomes commercially viable, it cannot reach the entire population. This is the social value of commerce. (MSS)   Commerce, Science, & Technology Commerce has brought science to the masses through technology. (MSS)    Consumerism Consumerism is not wrong in the economic sense, but it is undesirable in the spiritual sense. (MSS) On the Institution of Credit When man discovered the institution of credit, he emerged from the narrow physical insular shell of selfishness into playing a role in another’s life. (MSS) Money Multiplies when Integrated with Credit Money, like any other organisation gradually integrates with every other organisation. Money integrating with credit expands nine-fold. (MSS)   Business and Markets Business looks for market. In pursuit of it they will go anywhere. The Britisher came to India for spices and established an Empire. Nixon befriended Communist China because he wanted to open the Chinese market to USA. (MSS, rearranged)   Going Beyond Mind to Solve Problems in Government Sri Aurobindo says that the problems of the world are so great that they cannot be solved by mind. Something more is needed, which are all the planes above mind to spirit.   Dilemmas are constantly rising in the society that cannot easily be solved by mind. Perhaps they can begin to be if all of the sides of an issue are understood, which means the utilization of Substantial Mind, which man does not currently use, Instead he is reactive, i.e physical, or moved to results when he feels like it, i.e. vital, or thinks about problems when they are in his field of vision only; i.e. he is of lower mind.    It is alleged that the US has the lowest rate of taxation of the industrialized nations. Two popular, though contrary conclusions have issued from this. One is that we need to create higher taxes, or at least higher for those not paying their fair share so that we can enable not only a balanced budget but have the necessary funds in government to institute plans of progress. In other words, lack of taxes is related to social inequity and instability. Another view is that the US has prospered directly because of low taxes. I.e. it is because the rate is so low that the US has become the world economic leader. Thus we have two seemingly rational views viewed from the perspective of the part. Each side is happy in their beliefs because it is "subjectively rational" from their side; which is of course a paradox.   To be open to the other's point of view is one step in the right direction. The next is to acknowledge our ignorance, and take to a study of the truth. I.e. we can study the issue -- in this case taxes -- from the available knowledge, and then come to conclusions. This would lead to insights. An agreement can be come to that such understandings would be accepted by the government, regardless of the party in power, i.e. independent of politics. There would be some form of independent council.   Men and woman who understand a bit of Integral Knowledge theory can take these insights, and through silence, invoke illuminations and intuitions of an even higher order of understanding and knowledge . In this way, they contribute by bringing fresh understanding to the subject. The direct method to accomplish this is by opening to the Force relative to the issue.   The Mother says the individuals who wish to be the evolutionary spearheads of the spirit in society need to become the government. Such agents in positions of authority can undertake these approaches.   His statement that the world in its current status of consciousness cannot solve the ever-accelerating problems confronting it is the first principle that can guide all other initiatives for progress.       Guaranteed Employment, Employment/Job Creation Strategies (main)     Right of Full Employment It is the fundamental duty of every civilized government to grant the fundamental right to employment, amending the constitution for that purpose. It is not charity, a help, or a service. It is Man’s birthright to have employment. The right is his own because he is an individual. No one needs to grant it to him as an extension of courtesy. The society is wider and greater than the government. The society should ensure it to each individual by virtue of his being a citizen. To recognize the right to employment is to recognize the spiritual individual. (MSS)   Right to Employment The society which has shrunk the scope for the individual for self-employment by organising itself more and more should offer the citizen the right to employment. (MSS) Guaranteed Employment A government that offers guaranteed employment seeks the welfare of men who were seeking a job till then. It shows an evolutionary maturity in the society. (MSS)  Only in Peace Can Full Employment Be Realized Only in peace hunger and poverty can be abolished and full employment realised. (MSS) India Contemplating Act to Guarantee Employment The Government of India deserves warm appreciation and rich congratulation in contemplating one such act - an act to guarantee employment in some measure. This is an act proper to the developed countries, but India, precariously perched in various ways, has initiated it. Sure, She is trying to be an evolutionary leader in the sphere of SOCIAL EVOLUTION. I hope this is a beginning and the government will pursue the Act with the public, the State governments, the judiciary, and their own administration for the right social attitude that will infuse life into the SPIRIT of this Act. (MSS) Proposal for Guaranteed Employment in India The Government of India has before it as an active proposal a scheme for Guaranteed Employment. It is more than a revolutionary proposal. It is evolutionary in its significance. When Karl Marx called on the proletariat of the world to shed their fetters in 1848, everyone expected that Socialism would blossom in England first, as she was an industrialised nation. It was the turn of the USSR to spearhead that Revolution. Today, the whole world is ’socialistic’ in its practice even if it is not acknowledged. Should Guaranteed Employment become an Act of Parliament, India is least qualified for that. Guaranteeing Employment will release all the unharnessed energies of the adults, especially the youth. Once unleashed, it is not easy to contain. In this respect, India has proven to be a leader. The government has the capacity to implement it successfully, but it cannot be accomplished by the methods used for its other programmes. Guaranteeing Employment is not one more programme. It is a call to the dormant world to wake up to the Rights of the INDIVIDUAL. It is a magnificent measure. And for the same reason, it will prove to be explosive. (MSS, extracted) ICPD Report -- Employment for All (From Job-less Growth to Job-Led Growth) ICPD Report -- The Future of Work Article -- Theoretical Framework for Employment Generation Article -- Toward Full Employment (Creation of 500 million new jobs)   Insurance (main)   Health Insurance If universal education is the foundation of universal Prosperity, Insurance is the social shield from the cruelties of Life. Life is not merely cruel; it is capable of being a tyrant. It has the power to reduce the most wealthy man to a beggar on the street. Tragedies in life can make yesterday’s upper middle class families into today’s slum dwellers. Insurance can protect any policy holder from most of the tragedies of life. Every farmer knows after a drought or floods the full value of crop insurance. When the head of the family dies leaving a destitute family behind, the one question everyone asks is if his life is insured. In these days, the medical bill is a substantial portion of the income. For a mere Rs. 500, health insurance cover of Rs. 30,000 was mooted a little while ago. It remains a proposal of good intentions. Heart operations become necessary for many people. Once operated upon, the person functions like an ordinary man. Or else, his life is in danger. Industrial workers facing that need cannot rise to the occasion financially. Insurance can save him from the tragedy. Once such a good scheme has been introduced in one sector, gradually every sector of employment will come under it. There is a great positive aspect to any crucial insurance scheme. Educational insurance is becoming as important now-a-days. A worker’s employment can offer him an insurance scheme which will provide his children the highest possible education his own salaried status can afford. Suppose both these schemes are introduced, one can witness a substantial rise in worker performance. Illegal strikes, gheroes, violence will vastly come down as those who participate in these unlawful activities will become ineligible for the benefits of insurance. Crop insurance will compel the farmer to water in time, apply enough fertiliser, spray in time which will ensure a greater crop yield. Insurance policy holders in any field will be those of greater productivity and will be responsible members of the profession. Absenteeism, labour intransigence, work of poor quality or of false origins, etc. will be weeded out if insurance comes to stay. What no law can enforce - higher productivity - will become possible by the sense of responsibility of one who holds an insurance policy. Insurance is an eminent national institution. To integrate that with industry, farming, education, and health is good. (MSS)   Taxes, Taxation (main) Taxation Makes Government Taxation makes the government we create meaningful. In the measure a population voluntarily pays TAXES, it deserves a government. Otherwise, that is a pre-government society. The State withers when taxes are NOT collected but just paid out. (MSS, modified) Not Wanting to Pay Taxes It [not wanting to pay taxes] is one expression of a fundamental human characteristic – people want benefits without paying for them. (MSS) The Privilege of Paying Our Taxes America came into being when the colonists refused to pay unfair taxes to their British lords. Through their rallying cry of "no taxation without representation," they eventually threw out their colonial masters. Therefore, until this day the average American citizen loathes taxes. Corporations seek every legal means of avoiding it. Also, in a society of freedom, having to pay taxes seemed counterproductive. The citizens of many of the other countries of the world share this same view. It is unfortunately wrong-headed. In life, we form contracts with others. One example is the contract we have with the government. We may not realize we have one, but we do. It is that they will take care of us -- provide security, infrastructure, et al -- and in return, we will pay our taxes. Thus paying taxes can be considered an act of patriotism. It can even be argued that one who distains taxes is deserved of losing his citizenship since he has broken his essential contract with his government. He is not holding up his side of the social bargain. When we pay our taxes, it should be an act of gratitude, indicating our deep thanks and appreciation for the benefits the government, the society has provided us. When we move from distain to consciously express positive attitudes of sincere gratitude, we move away from our egocentric view and open to a wider field of existence. It is from such a poise that sudden good fortune arises. So when we pay our taxes, let us think of the nation, state, or community that has provided the great foundation that enabled our life to thrive. Let us give deep thanks to those who have come before us, who have helped shape our world, and to whom we are paying back through an inner debt of gratitude. Paying our tax then becomes a profound act that cannot help but release powerful positive energies that will keep the wheel of inner and outer success turning. High Taxation is for Advanced, Evolutionary Society In the most advanced society contemplated by Mother, all savings are taxes. Individual wealth is NOT prosperity. Institutional wealth makes for prosperity. Man earns and saves. His savings are equal to his earning. He deposits his earnings in the bank. The bank multiplies that money nine times out of which collective prosperity issues.  All ORGANISATIONS multiply resources. Therefore, low tax belongs to a primitive society. High tax is for the advanced society. (MSS, somewhat modified) High Taxation for Advanced Society -Low tax belongs to a primitive society. High tax is for the advanced society. -In the most advanced [spirit-based conscious] society contemplated by the Mother, all savings are taxes. (MSS, somewhat modified) Property, Inheritance, and Taxes Property is the possessiveness of the ego. Inheritance is a primitive clinging to one’s physical roots. Taxes is an instrument designed to undermine them both. (MSS) Inflation (main)   Inflation and Social Evolution The significance of inflation in the context of social evolution is very different than the view that arises from explaining its immediate short-term causes and effects in the context of changes in monetary policy in an industrially advanced economy. (MSS)   Inflation and Social Change -The root cause of inflation is the rising aspirations, expectations, and progress of people in society. These reflect as new social values. -What modern economists call inflation is nothing other than the evolution of the institution of currency to reflect new social values. -Inflation as we know it today is a symptom of social, as opposed to merely economic growth. -Inflation shifts money from one sector to another -Inflation acts as an instrument for shifting money from the centralized powers (of rich men and companies) to the individualized consumer. -As inflation shifts money from one sector to another, social values, especially when they change, give the rewards of one sector to another. -The French Revolution, computer sciences, American Civil Rights Movement, automation, credit cards, the Magna Carats, telegraphy, unemployment, literacy, and Indian Freedom, all have one thing in common. They are among the less known, but real, causes of inflation. [They are instances of social progress or evolution reflecting new social values.] -Spiraling oil prices, powerful labour unions, increasing money supply, deficit financing, consumer debt, high interest rates, etc. are all commonly cited causes of inflation. But as economist Robert Heilbroner has pointed out, inflation existed before many of these factors were present and it persists today in countries where many of them are absent. “No one of these factors can be properly called the single ‘cause of inflation”. [The root cause is social evolution.] (MSS, in part, extracted)   Social Values of Inflation -Prices do not rise proportionally in all products or commodities. Price is the social value of a product. Commodities change in their social value. Inflation inflates the value of a cherished product. Inflation indicates the direction of social progress. As inflation shifts money from one sector to another, social values, especially when they change, give the rewards of one sector to another. Changing social values are social inflation. -Inflation acts as an instrument for shifting money from the centralised powers (of rich men and companies) to the individualised consumer. -Inflation in the absence of deficit financing is the real index of human development.   Article on Inflation as Symptom of Social Growth   Miscellaneous (main) Also See Thoughts into the Cause of, Solutions to Poverty Also See Thoughts into the Nature of & Potential for Prosperity Solving World Problems through Economic Solutions When economic opportunities open up, Man has no time or energy for religious conflict, i.e. economics goes deeper into man’s existence than what he believes to be his religious conviction. If ethnic conflicts are to acquire life and virulence, it should be in USA, because it is there we find a great number of dynamic ethnic minorities, but the USA is more free from ethnic conflicts than elsewhere. To avail of economic opportunities, Man needs enormous effort and corresponding energies, which spare no energy for a quarrel of any description. The USA is a standing example for this rule. Ireland recently passed through the same experience. To solve military conflicts politically was a longstanding rule in history. To solve political conflicts by economic strategies is not used in the same measure. Nixon opened up the Chinese market to the USA and now a war between the two countries is unthinkable. (MSS) How Rural Societies like India Can Skip the Industrial Stage of Development The world evolved from agriculture to modern society via manufacturing. As the centuries or decades pass, the Mind awakens. It hastens the change. Now that the service sector dominates and society has given a tool of technology – computer – India can skip both the initial phases largely. Rural areas can generate their own service sector and agriculture can be avoided to a great extent. (MSS) End of Property Rights & Inheritance Mother argues for the abolition of property rights and the law of inheritance. (MSS)  [Property is ultimately ego.] Free Market Competition, Unhealthy Competition, & How Companies that are Organized, Attuned to the Needs of Society that Survive It The free market is the surest mechanism to ensure economic democracy. USSR tried command economy administered by the State. It only stifled growth. The rules of the market are a powerful antidote to the greed of men. Before the private phone companies entered the market in India, phone calls were costly and service was poor. One paid Rs 24 for a three-minute STD call to Madras from Pondicherry. Phone repairs had to wait for days and demanded several reminders. Still the workmen had to be paid extra. Now when the competition is allowed, service is readily available and call charges are more than halved. Competition is necessary for keeping the market healthy. Even such a competition turns unhealthy often. Those who are flush with money reduce the price of the product below the cost price with a view to wiping out the smaller fries in the market. They die in vast numbers and quickly too. In a field where there are about a hundred small producers, unhealthy competition wipes out most of them, sometimes all of them, except one or two. Coca-cola faced such opposition from Pepsi Cola. Each year the cola wars have their own season. Smaller fries quickly vacate the field. Competition ensures fair price to customers. It stimulates the opposition to become efficient. The unhealthy price wars are ruinous to cash-starved companies. Also, ill-organised companies cave in under the mighty blow of an adversary armed with efficiency, enormous capital and unscrupulous motives. Is it all? Is there something beyond it? As usual, there is more than meets the eye. A fully ORGANISED company cannot die whatever the competition is, however unscrupulous they are. Organisation is health, vitality. It is healthy irrespective of the environment. There are various levels of organisation. The company that faces stiff competition will survive if it is organised enough to survive in the environment. A company that is integrated with the society will be vibrant. Any society is moving on certain lines. On those lines, the society will carry great force, as the Indian society is moving towards greater education and greater prosperity. To minister to THOSE needs consciously is to be vibrant. That vibrancy is a vibration of growth. Strong competition will stimulate that vibrancy. At a time when companies are dying like flies crushed by the competition, a vibrant company will find itself growing. Competition is a welcome stimulus for an organised, vibrant company. Forty new entrants in the scooter market twenty years ago struck terror in the heart of Bajaj. That year, he grew 100 percent. (MSS) How Socialism's Values are Being Adopted in Capitalism     To Be Categorized   III Economics, History, Spirituality The Invisible Movement of Rights in History, & the Emergence of Spiritual MAN in the 21st Century There is an invisible movement in the air all over the world which espouses the Rights of the oppressed. Now it is the Blacks who are in favour, next it is the women. The street children get their turn. The poor suddenly come into the favour of the world and the whole world sings the chorus of the Right to Food, Right to water, Right to Peace, etc. All types of Rights have emerged as the target for the awakened world. It is a balm to the hearts of idealists and visionaries the world over as the have-nots, downtrodden, the oppressed and the invalids have now their share of the limelight. The UN is the spearhead for most of these movements. The world is awakened enough in her conscience that the world opinion readily swings to this call. This development is imperceptible but unmistakable. I see behind all these urges that MAN is emerging as someone to be counted hereafter. The Spirit in MAN seeks expression, peeps out from its hiding place. The symptoms are well-defined. He who seeks expression is no longer the social man, but the Spiritual Individual. The 21st century will be his century. (MSS)     Growth Online Contact Us