How to Test Graphs and Charts? Sample Test Cases for Validating Data Visualizations

Data visualization has become indispensable for modern businesses to simplify complex data and derive impactful insights for decision making. As per the Data Visualization Skills Gap study by Qlik, demand for data skills talent will increase by 403% by 2025 indicating the rising significance of data visualizations like charts and graphs.

However, inaccurate data depictions can severely impede business growth and reputation. According to survey by advisory company Quocirca, 76% users mistrust information from organizations due to data quality issues that often stem from improperly tested data visualizations.

This article will provide a comprehensive guide explaining:

  • Why testing of charts, graphs and dashboards matters
  • Different types of visualizations to test
  • Elaborated test case examples
  • Automated approaches
  • Expert tips for planning and execution

Contents

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Rising Significance of Data Visualization

The ability to understand intricate data faster through interactive visualizations is becoming pivotal for data-driven companies. As per Forrester, over 75% of enterprise business intelligence initiatives have incorporated advanced data visualization capabilities.

Another report by Dresner Advisory Services reveals increasing reliance on visual analysis with 33% respondents considering it crucial and 62% citing its high importance.

Data visualization adoption statistics

With visual depictions like charts, graphs and dashboards playing a pivotal role in conveying valuable business insights, ensuring their accuracy through testing is imperative.

Faulty data representations can have detrimental impacts on organizational success including:

  • Incorrect business decisions causing financial losses
  • Dissatisfied, confused customers due to misleading metrics
  • Dented brand credibility from mediocre quality deliverables

Hence, learning how to properly test and validate charts, graphs and dashboards should be a key priority for testers.

Common Types of Charts and Graphs

Different data visualization are better for certain types of insights. Some popular charts and their respective testing considerations are:

Column Charts

Use: Compare discrete categories against metric values
Testing: X-Y axes, dimensions, aggregation checks

Sample column charts

Bar Graphs

Use: Relative comparisons for nominal categories
Testing: Ordering, negative values, legends

Sample bar graph

Pie Charts

Use: Represent proportional compositions
Testing: Slicing, color codes, formatting

Sample pie chart test cases

Line Graphs

Use: Demonstrate trends and changes over time
Testing: Line styles, curve patterns, plot point accuracy

Sample line graph test scenarios

Scatter Plots

Use: Correlation between two numerical variables
Testing: Regression line testing, cluster analysis, outlier detection

Sample scatter plot test cases

Key Testing Challenges

While validating charts, dashboards and associated data visualizations, some common pain areas include:

Data Discrepancies between visualization and sources often due to extraction, transformation errors

Poor Design Choices like overloaded dashboards, unreadable tiny charts hampering usability

Wrong Aggregation Levels depicting incomplete picture due to improper summarization

Inaccurate Interactivity with filters not working as expected

Hence testers need to check for correctness across various aspects to ensure seamless usage and interpretation.

Sample Test Cases and Checks

Here are some sample test cases covering different testing dimensions:

Data Accuracy Checks

Test Case Example Steps
Compare values against source query
  • Note values from annual sales chart
  • Fetch same period data through direct database query
  • Compare chart values to query result
  • Verify chart total equals sum
  • Capture values from stacked bar chart segments
  • Add segment values
  • Confirm total equals summed value
  • Check default prompt selections
  • Check prompt for default ‘Year‘ value
  • Ensure it matches specs (2020)
  • Layout and Design Checks

    Test Case Example Steps
    Confirm title matches contents
  • Review dashboard title e.g. ‘Sales KPIs‘
  • Check charts show sales related metrics
  • Validate legend accurately describes data
  • Hover over chart color codes and legends
  • Verify color and legend descriptor match
  • Check axis and scale labeling
  • Inspect x & y axes units of measure
  • Validate accuracy as per chart metric
  • Interactivity Checks

    Test Case Example Steps
    Verify drill down navigation
  • Click on chart segment linking to details view
  • Check if filters carried over in detailed view
  • Test filter impacts on data
  • Apply region filter as ‘APAC‘
  • Verify chart shows just APAC data
  • Confirm actions on tooltip hover
  • Hover on chart to invoke tooltip
  • Check details displayed on tooltip
  • Browser Compatibility Checks

    Test Case Browsers
    Verify responsiveness Chrome, Firefox, Safari
    Check layout consistency IE, Edge
    Confirm functional consistency Chrome, Firefox, Safari

    Automated Testing for Graphs and Charts

    While manual testing provides flexibility, test automation is indispensable for regression checks across browsers and recurring validation efforts.

    Some ways to automate testing include:

    • Export Graph Data to CVS/Excel and compare against test data
    • HTML DOM Validation using Selenium
    • Screenshot Comparison with baseline using Applitools, Ocular

    Sample dashboard test automation framework

    Benefits:

    • Faster test execution
    • Consistent outcomes
    • Enable continuous testing

    Expert Tips for Effective Graph and Chart Testing

    Here are some handy guidelines for ensuring comprehensive testing coverage:

    Deep Dive into Transformation Logic

    As niche testing expert Lisa Crispin notes, "Evaluate raw data along with intermediary representations during processing for precise validation". Debugging data discrepancies gets exponentially harder later.

    Drill-Down Tactically

    According to veteran test consultant James Bach, "Priortize drill-down test scenarios based on risk – unexpected large numbers indicate good drill-down candidates".

    Confirm After Every Modification

    As per long-time testing leader Jon D. Hagar, "Re-check dashboard after every source data modification to avoid assumption-based decisions".

    Adopt Image Driven Testing

    Thought leader Angie Jones recommends, "Use screenshot comparison tools to instantly identify UI regressions across browser and environmnet upgrades".

    Augment with Exploratory Testing

    Testing expert Cem Kaner emphasizes, "Explore interface without assumptions to uncover hard-to-find issues missed in scripted checks".

    Conclusion

    Easy data visualization through interactive charts, graphs and dashboards has become integral for business growth. However, improperly tested visualizations can severely impede organizations success and reputation.

    This guide covered a diverse set of test scenarios, checks, tools and techniques for comprehensively validating data accuracy, layouts, interactivity and compatibility of charts across browsers.

    By dutifully testing data visualizations following these actionable ideas, testers can enable fact-based, streamlined decision making crucial for giving their business an enduring competitive edge.

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